Monty Python And The Holy Grail Analysis - 724 Words

Witch Hunts and Coconuts Monty Python and the Holy Grail portrays satire in the storyline following King Arthur and his knights of the round tables expedition for the Holy Grail throughout England during the Middle Ages. Monty Python is a satirical movie meaning it’s purpose is to make individuals in society laugh and then think. Satire seeks to influence our opinions and world.The film Monty Python and the Holy Grail uses unexpected logic as well as unexpected events to expose ignorance within mankind during the Middle Ages. The coconut scene exemplifies ignorance of the leaders in the Middle Ages, especially when masses ignore the relevance of a topic. The coconut scene consists of King Arthur of Camelot, and his servant imitating horse†¦show more content†¦The scene of the witch hunt reveals the ignorance that occurs when individuals are poorly educated and easily influenced. The scene depicts a group of commoners claiming a girl is a witch, later asking a knight to confirm whether she is or not. Then the knight continues to use illogical reasonings to justify their accusation. As the scene progresses the ridicule of justice systems and it’s ways of making a verdict becomes much clearer, as the knight is questioning the mobs reasonings. When the knight asks â€Å"How do you known she is a witch?† the crowd simply answers â€Å"She looks like one!† The crowds assumption reveals how ignorance is lead through poor education in this case of what makes a witch, a witch. Discrim ination toward certain groups is yet another target as the mob is stuck on the idea that she is a witch. The discrimination is displayed through unexpected logic as their ways of justifying their verdict make no sense nor is it relevant to the matter at hand. When the poor women is being weighed in comparison to a duck unexpected event is exhibited as they are of equal weight making the audience laugh. King Arthur and the mob make light of the womans death, understating the importance of human life . The trial still relates to modern topics of today for race, sex, and arguments with conflicting reports from both parties, both still play a major role in our legal system no matter how fair society claims it to be, for innocentShow MoreRelated Thomas Malory’s Le Morte Darthur and Monty Python and the Holy Grail2221 Words   |  9 PagesDarthur and Monty Python and the Holy Grail Professor’s comment: This student uses a feminist approach to shift our value judgment of two works in a surprisingly thought-provoking way. After showing how female seduction in Malory’s story of King Arthur is crucial to the story as a whole, the student follows with an equally serious analysis of Monty Python’s parody of the female seduction motif in what may be the most memorable and hilarious episode of the film. Much of the humor in Monty PythonRead MoreA Brief Analysis of Life of Brian Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesMonty Python’s Life of Brian is more than just a mere comedy; it is a Biblical, religious, and political satire. Like all Python films, Life of Brian seems to educate the viewer while at the same time providing entertainment. Unfortunately not all of the elements in Life of Brian occurred in real life, which takes away from the validity of the plot. While not everything is accurate, it seems that a majority of the film could be considered genuine. In order to understand an analysis of the filmRead MorePostmodernism, By Jean Francois Lyotard2006 Words   |  9 Pagesdisplayed is. At face value, this text presents itself to be a remaking of the most famous Arthurian myth, bridging from the Lady of the Lake to the Holy Grail. This first layer of The Hero’s Journey is the fact that this text is presented almost as a remastering but parodies the entire plot, and still follows the same style of story of the Holy Grail. In a sense, this text seeks to prove how all the epics are the same by doing the absurd while following the exact same pattern as them all, questioning

Segregation And The United Kingdom s Policy And Practice

This assignment will define segregation and dependency in relation to the United Kingdom’s Policy and Practice. How arguments from activist have been put forward and if they have change over time, this assignment will identify any strengths, limitation and weaknesses and demonstrate how these can be improved, maintained or adapted to facilitate success in other areas of policy. Dependency means lack of independence or self-sufficiency, being abnormally tolerant and to depend on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming. A geographical area politically controlled by a distant country. Dependency is where a person is controlled by another, where they have emotional, physical or financial need for a thing, (Dictionary,†¦show more content†¦Models such as the religious model, the medical/genetic model and the social/human rights model have had a huge impact on the way people with impairments are treated within society. Out of all the models the main model is the medical model, this model ascended together with and was fully sustained by the advances in sciences and medicine. The power was given to the medical professions to order the lives of those with impairments, (BRAIN.HE, 2006). Before the twentieth century, social outlooks reflected the views of many that people with disabilities which viewed disabled people as unhealthy, flawed and abnormal. For many years, society as a whole treated disabled people as objects out of fear and pity. The predominant approach was that disabled individuals were incompetent of partaking in and contributing to society and that they must depend on welfare or charitable organizations, (Burtner, 2016). Towards the end of the 1800’s, institutions were built by the state and local organizational agencies to house people with developmental impairments. The institutions were commonly built on the borders of the city. Social attitudes adopted this segregating style of managing. Segregating from society stigmatizes people. (Burtner, 2016). In 1834, a new poor law was put in place, many people welcomed the law as they believed it would, help reduce the cost of caring for the poor, remove poor people off the streets and also encourage

Difference Systematic and Traditional Narrative Literature Review

Question: Discuss about the Difference And Comparison Between Systematic Literature Review And Traditional Narrative Literature Review. Answer: Introduction The given literature review is based on analysis of five journal articles which has been provided in MyLo. . These papers demonstrate the difference and comparison between systematic literature review and traditional narrative literature review. All the given papers have been analyzed according to the given strengths and weaknesses. Comparison of themes of the articles The first paper Journal of Criminal Justice education provided in the MyLO is enabling reader to effectively write literature review that is regarded as the critical tool for professional careers and academics. Focus of literature review is to study the research questions and it should start from reading the topics in wider concept and then down to analyzing the specific issue. Literature knowledge enables the researcher to enhance the conceptual sensitivity, provide the source for making comparisons, stimulating questions during the analysis and it helps in modeling ways for making claims concerning the possible significance of work (Wong et al. 2013). The theme of third paper is writing up phase of literature review and discussing about review characteristics that confirms the authors authenticity as trustworthy scholar. Important component of research and their essential background is discussed in the paper. Literature review purpose and its outset needs to be identified by users. Literature review needs be contextualize relating to other studies that helps in offering new insight. Paper also identifies the issues faced by researcher while conducting literature review and this involves demonstrating the profound gasp of all the aspects that needs to be investigated. The nature of study is dependent upon the degree to which theoretical knowledge is developed. Literature review can be reviewed with the help of tools such as analyzing, locating and critiquing studies. For viewer intending to contrast studies contrast and compare studies, it is require to conduct critical assessment. On the contrary, the second paper about being systematic in information systems. For conducting literature review in information system, there are several approaches and guidelines. Systematic literature review is the theme of paper along with its procedures and origin. With respect to information system discipline, there has been a notable increase in reference to systematic literature review. The adoption of systematic approach is based on scientific principles that helps in elimination of bias judgment and need for transparency. Literature review in field of information systems are gaining experience arising from the superiority of systematic literature review. This helps in assessing the state of knowledge in a problem domain and weakness identification for carrying further research. Scientific evidence is considered worthy of inclusion and these results in making some other interesting evidence irreverent. On the other side, the article presented in the fourth paper provided in MyLo is about step-to-step guidance and approach that needs to be followed while conducting literature review. Undertaking literature review by nurses is considered difficult, as the composite range of skills are demanded for acquiring such skills required by conducting literature review. This would help researcher in facilitating the process of literature review by presentation of critical elements. This particular paper focuses on process of research by demonstrating the narrative and traditional review. Reviewing of the previous work or literature helps reviewer in summarizing and synthesizing particular area of subject by congregation volume of literature work. The theme of paper is to highlight the significance of new are of research and demonstrate the comprehensive knowledge and significance of new area of research. Literature review is undertaken by research due to several reasons attributable to non-res earch. A detailed discussion of systematic review has been demonstrated in the article discussed and the precise criteria of literature is also provided. Literature review on particular topic is critically evaluated by considering the results of number of studies. Furthermore, the article provide detailed explanation of Meta synthesis and meta-analysis. Met analysis is considered as the statistical techniques and meta synthesis is a technique that is non-statistical (Wong G et al. 2013). The last paper provided is about writing narrative styles relating to literature review. Article provided discusses about usefulness of reviews in conducting clinical research while practice guidelines studies and designing studies. Article demonstrates two standard types of review that involves non-systematic and systematic review. Medical writers are assigned with the task of review writing. Theme of article discussed is recommendation the best way for preparing narrative review in clinical research area. Comparison is made by listing down the differences between the two type of writing in relation to their application areas, writing and objectives. Objectivity of the papers The themes identified in first paper are why discussing and writing up literature review is an essential part of research. Writer needs to educate himself about the topic and establishing the prior knowledge about research topic helps in making as strong as possible. A comprehensive view of the chosen topic is involved in the literature review. Sub themes of literature review focus on various aspects that takes into consideration individual concepts. Writer is also required to take into consideration quantitative and qualitative studies and there exists differences between writing literature review for both types of studies. The construction of literature review depend upon whether the research question is qualitative or qualitative. There are limitations in every types of research. All the above themes needs to be drawn by researcher that helps in strengthening the arguments made by reader in the study. Writing process has natural progression and it is required by writer to fill the relevant gaps after writing has started. The major themes when writing literature review is the identification of the research question related to topics and deciding upon whether to perform qualitative or quantitative studies (Aveyard2014). The sub themes of the paper is to find the source for writing literature review that serves as the building block as it helps in the construction of entire structure. Themes can be further developed reading and finding the source of sub topics that will be included in the literature review. Another sub theme is to support the sub findings of many topics from as many source as possible. Citation is the sub theme of literature review that is required to be double-checked for that they are cited in the original document correctly. Methodology is another focus point of carrying out research and writer develops a new way of framing methodology if there is exists weakness in prior methodology. Evaluation techniques for writing literature review is placing the topics in a logical order so that reader is able to understand the idea and enabling them to make a coherent argument throughout the work (Booth et al. 2014). Completion of literature review should have an appropriate ending and writi ng the same in appropriate way assist professional and academics in enhancing their learning process. Subthemes of the paper is some of the assumptions that has been made in database researches. One of the key process for producing literature review is database searches. In order to avoid inclusion of irrelevant literature, it is essential for research conducting research work in information system to identify the efficient database searches. The distinguishing quality of conducting literature review in information system as per the systematic review guideline is replicability and objectivity. Review outcome concerning these two factors is not guaranteed by systematic literature review. Subjective judgment forms the basis of systematic literature review that cannot be replicable. Systematic literature review concerning information system has various reports with replicability and inter rater reliability. This is attributable to the fact that there is no well-established terminology and phenomena are described in different ways and paraphrased. A good coverage of relevant publications is provided by relevant publications with the help of underlying assumptions (Murphy 2013). Sub theme of the paper is that high quality in literature review can be guaranteed by ensuring replicability, scientific objectivity and review process control claimed by systematic review. Furthermore, the adoption of systematic approach is limited and conditions are disregarded resulting from their uncritical adoption. However, it is questioned that whether the systematic literature review provides the researcher with superiors approach for literature review. The study undertaken by researcher will be able to complete by integrating the reviewed material into something meaningful that helps in depicting the conceptual relevance and logical connectedness to the study. Another step while reviewing literature is reviewing the literature review while maintaining internal consistency. It has been demonstrated in this particular paper that there is requirement of dominating the authority of literature review because it should be known by reader that literature argument should be supported by reviewer command. Article discusses about that there are three attributes of scholarship in literature review and there are two levels of work for writers at literature review. This is in the aspect of researcher and the study itself that is carried out. It is essential for writer to carefully consider the purpose of literature review and one of the source of satisfying strategy is the reports and organization of articles. Moreover, on part of reviewer, it is not essential only to prepare the report; there are some other tasks that is required to be done. This involves verification and explication. The most common reason for carrying out literature review is demonstrated in the paper for developing an argument in the report and enhancing it. In all the phases of research, there is need to have comprehensive literature. Credibility of work of researcher is taken into consideration by considering all the relevant aspects. Development of an argument while reviewing the literature review enables the researcher. Some of the sub themes presented in the article is about the selection of research topic, process or step involved in carrying out literature review, synthesizing and analyzing the literature. Furthermore, writing and structuring of the review after the appraisal of research is completely done by reviewer. Findings of literature review should be demonstrated in such a way that the knowledge developed is presented in consistent and clear way. Article gives in depth analysis and discussion of systematic literature review along with the narrative review by demonstrating their advantages and disadvantages. Review needs to be framed in the process of literature review. Article involves the feature of methodology of systematic review in line with searching for narrative review. Another essential part of literature review is the inclusion of methodologies critical review. Article depicts that while carrying out the process of literature review, it is required to address some of the contradictions and inconsistencies while performing the literature review. It is essential for the review or the researcher writing the literature review that writing is a skill that needs to be learned and knowledge of nursing are enhanced by involving them in reviewing the literature along with systematic reviewing. This is so because the evidence based practice will help them in enhancing the care for patients. Sub themes involves on the preparation of literature review is the literature search that is not considered mandatory for narrative research, search terms, selection criteria, critical assessment, text crafting. The evaluation technique of the themes discussed in the article is depicted by way of critically assessing and reviewing different issues related to analysis, accuracy methods and coherence. Evaluation of the study presented in the article can be done by looking at the points such as result interpretation, quality of obtained results, limitations, key results, conclusion impact on field and testing the initial results by using suitability of methods (Booth et al. 2016). There can be the certainty of inconsistencies in the study that needs to be highlighted by making the best contributions. However , if there is any missing evidence in the article, review or reader needs to have the integration of new articles. Conclusion It can be said that for the medical literature synthesis, the cornerstone is considered as the narrative review. Article depicts that quality of narrative review can be improved and enhanced by establishment of relevance criteria for selection, emphasizing the well-defined issues. Inadequate reporting influences the translation, interpretation and public research application and considering this, it is considered crucial to have methodological approach to narrative review. References: Aveyard, H., 2014.Doing a literature review in health and social care: A practical guide. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Booth, A., Sutton, A. and Papaioannou, D., 2016.Systematic approaches to a successful literature review. Sage. Liumbruno GM, Velati C, Pasqualetti P, Franchini M.,2013How to write a scientific manuscript for publication.Blood Trans;11:217226. Murphy CM. ,2012Writing an effective review article. JMed Toxicol;8:8990. Wong G, Greenhalgh T, Westhorp G, Buckingham J,Pawson R., 2013 RAMESES publication standard: realisticsyntheses. BMC Med;11:21.

Java Programming Principles

Questions: Task 11.1 Discuss the principles, characteristics and features of programming in Java.1.2 Critically evaluate the environmental flexibility of programming in Java.Task 22.1 Design a Java programming solution based on the above scenario.2.2 Explain the components, data and file structures required to implement a given design.Task 33.1 Implement a Java programming solution based on a prepared design.3.2 Define relationships between objects to implement design requirements3.3 Implement object behaviours using control structures to meet the design algorithms.3.4 Identify and implement opportunities for error handling and reporting.3.5 Make effective use of an integrated development environment including code and screen templatesTask 44.1 Critically review and test a Java programming solution.4.2 Analyse test results against expected results to identify discrepancies.4.3 Evaluate independent feedback on a developed Java program solution and make recommendations for improvements.4.4 Create user documentation for the development of Java programming solution.4.5 Create technical documentation for the support and maintenance of a Java programming solution Answers: Introduction Java is an example of an OOP (Object Oriented Program) (Klein, 2005). So it must support all the basic principles of an OOP language (Okal, 2012). Thus the principles of java and hence of an OOP language is- Encapsulation: This means binding together of date and then putting them under a single block. In a car, there are a large number of systems that co-exist together(Mittal, 2013). Changing the gears does not turn on the headlights and bulling brakes does not accelerate the car. Hence all these systems are at the same place and are controlled by a single person (driver) but none is interfering with each other with their functioning. The basic example of encapsulation can be obtained from the classes that are used in java. These classes contain the entire block of code within them and no other program can access them unless specific rules are followed. If the methods of a class are declared private, them they cannot be overwritten(Lakkis, 2007). Also if a class is declared private, then the class can only be inherited and no object creation can be allowed for that class anywhere within the program. Hence that class and its methods are protected by encapsulation (Rebek, 2005). Inheritance: This is another OOP principle which enables the program to inherit the properties from another class (Flanagan, 2005). The inherited class is called the parent class while the classes that inherit the parent class are termed as child class. Now for inheritance the child class gets all the methods and variables of the parent class. Also the Object of the parent class can be created with the reference of the child (Raposa, 2003). There are two forms of inheritance-multiple, multi-level. In multiple inheritances, more than one class can be inherited at the same time. Consider an example in case of an airport an aircraft uses its landing gear to make turns, take-off, and land on the landing strip. Also it is primarily used for flying. In that respect the aircraft is a flying vehicle and it is also a ground-vehicle (since it can move on the landing strips) (Link and Frlich, 2003). Hence the aircraft inherits the properties of both these classes at the same time. This is multiple inheritan ces. In multi-level inheritances, only one class can be inherited a t a time. But there is a type of hierarchy.This means that if A class inherits B, then C inherits A, C gets the methods of A by default. Example golden retriever is a dog, which in turn is a mammal which in turn is an animal. So this makes Golden terrier a mammal, an animal, and also a dog (Cadenhead, 2012). This is termed as multi-level inheritance. Polymorphism: This word comes from the Greek words poly meaning means many, morph means form. Hence polymorphism means many forms (Eckel, 2000). This means that a single problem in java can be approached from three different ends. In a normal programming language, that does not implement any OOP principles (Link and Frlich, 2003), if we were to implement a stack for different data types, then we would have needed 3 or four different structures with different names. In each case the same algorithm is being used only the data types used are different. But in JAVA we can name all these under the same implementation of stack (Sierra and Bates, 2005). Hence our work is greatly reduced and we are also able to use the same name for different implementations of the same program. In JAVA polymorphism is simply implanted by the use of interfaces (Byrne and Cross, 2009). If a class implements an interface then it must implement the methods that are written in the interface. Characteristics of java: It is simple to code and decode. It is an object oriented programming language (Hubbard, 2001). It is highly secure. It can be implemented on any form of machine. The main reason for this is java compiles the program into byte code (Riccardi, 2001). Now this byte code file is not compiler dependent, hence the file can run on Windows, Linux, and Mac etc. It has in-built support for multithreading. The most important part of java program comes from its usage to code applets and hence is used extensively for coding websites. It can be used to code and run graphical applications. It is robust as it is error-free and has severe typing restrictions and also various run-time checking methods are used (Wampler, 2002). It supports the use of interfaces. It can be easily linked to any other program. There is inbuilt support for garbage collection and it has a very simplified exception handling capabilities. Task 1.2 JAVA provides a great flexibility to the programmers. Often when we create program, other people may change the basic functions created, or overwrite them. This may lead to crashing of the program (Horstmann, 2008). In JAVA, this problem is completely avoided by adding the prefix final; as a result this class or method to which the prefix is added cannot be altered in any way. Also the use of interfaces makes programming easier (Horstmann, 2005). Any class in java that implements the interface must overwrite the methods that are mentioned within the interface. Also the use of keyword abstract, allows the user to use declared methods without any sort of body. Also any class that inherits this abstract class must override this method within it. The garbage correction algorithm of java is also very unique and advanced. There is no need for releasing the allocated memories (as in case of C++), because in java, when the compiler cannot find the reference of any object it deletes the objec t any kind of variables that it was holding (Morelli, 2000). Also the exception handling capabilities of java is extremely helpful. In C, when there was an arithmetic exception like division by 0, the program used to hang and had to be stopped manually, but in JAVA, the program gives the location of the place and also the cause of the problem and exits the program. This is extremely helpful for debugging large programs. Task 2.1 The above task has told us to design a java program that can act as a student database manager. It must be able to take in the students first name, last name, their date of birth, their ID number, course enrolled by them, mobile number, their address etc (Lewis and Chase, 2005). Now the administrator must be able to view the details of any student he wishes. He must also be able to delete the entire database, or a single student, update and also enter the details of any student. In order to do all this with a JAVA program, we must first build a class named student that can contain these variables with data within it. This class can then be manipulated from the main class by creating an object for each student. Then all these objects must be linked somehow to form an entire list of students which are really classes with each one holding their own respective data. Also care must be taken to note that the entire system can only handle a maximum number of students. Task 2.2 In the given problem, we are describing a class named Student that has the variables for holding data like last name, first name, DOB, Address, mobile number, etc. All these variables have their respective data types like address is stored in a string, DOB in float, etc. Now, in the main program named, StudentDatabaseManagement an array of Student objects are created of size 200. This means that the database is capable of holding 200 students. This number can be increased or decreased by editing the array size of the object array in the main program. Now, we use a switch case algorithm which allows us to have many options like entering details of a student, clearing the database, deleting a student, viewing the students etc. In the main program, we have a special variable that is used to track the number the number of students. This number is incremented when a new student is admitted to the database. Now also in each student object there is a variable to track the number at which he / she has been admitted into the database. This is important because in case of deletion, a space in the middle of the array is empty (Deitel and Deitel, 2012). Hence, in such a case we must shift the students below that space to make the array a continuous one with no empty spaces in between. As a result the array can only be empty from the end. There should not be any gap in between the array to conserve the space. The algorithm required to shift the students one space above is located under the case that is responsible for deleting the students and it also decrements the variable that is used to track the total number of students in the array. Also, proper control checks are provided at each level so that the age limit for entry into the institution can be set. This is done by using a variable that holds the year after which the candidate must be born in order to take admission. If the year is before that specified a error message is displayed. Various exception checks are also p rovided so that proper data is entered into the proper cases. When the entire database is empty, then a proper error message is displayed and similar thing when the database is empty. Task 3.1 The code of the main program is given below. It consists of two classes namely Student, StudenyDatabaseManagement (main class). StudenyDatabaseManagement packagestudentdatabasemanagement; importjava.util.Scanner; public class StudentDatabaseManagement extends Exception{ public static void main(String[] args) { int index=0; int cases; boolean switching=true; intallowed_date=1988;//sets age limit for entry Student[] studentdatabase=new Student[200]; Student[] studentdatabasecopy=new Student[200]; for(int i=0;i10;i++) { studentdatabase[i]=new Student(); studentdatabasecopy[i]=new Student(); } Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in); while(switching){ System.out.println("Enter your choice:n1)Enter Studentn2)See all Studentsn3)see single Student detail"); System.out.println("4)Delete all studentsn5)Updaten6)Delete single studentn7)Exit"); System.out.println("Enter your choice"); cases=s.nextInt(); switch(cases){ case 1: { try { if(index==10){ throw new Exception(); } } catch(Exception a){ System.out.println("Database full"); } index++; studentdatabase[index]=new Student(); System.out.println("Enter the roll number of the student(max 10 digits):"); studentdatabase[index].stud_roll=s.nextInt(); s.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter the last name of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_lastname=s.nextLine(); System.out.print("nEnter the course under which student is enrolled:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_course=s.nextLine(); System.out.println("Enter the month when student was born in digits:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_mon=s.nextInt(); while(studentdatabase[index].stud_mon12) { System.out.println("Wrong Data, Re-Enter:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_mon=s.nextInt(); } System.out.println("Enter the date when student was born in digits:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_date=s.nextInt(); while(studentdatabase[index].stud_date31||(studentdatabase[index].stud_date28studentdatabase[index].stud_mon==2)) { System.out.println("Wrong Data, Re-Enter:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_date=s.nextInt(); } System.out.println("Enter the year when student was born in digits:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_year=s.nextInt(); if(studentdatabase[index].stud_yearallowed_date) { System.out.println("Your ward is not admissable"); switching=false; break; } s.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter the first name of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_firstname=s.nextLine(); System.out.println("nEnter the mobile number of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_mob_no=s.nextLong(); s.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter the address of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_add=s.nextLine(); studentdatabase[index].stud_no=index; break; } case 2: { if(index==0){ System.out.println("Database Empty"); } else { for(int count=1;count=index;count++){ System.out.println("Name of student: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_firstname+" "+studentdatabase[index].stud_lastname); System.out.println("Roll no: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_roll); System.out.println("Course enrolled: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_course); System.out.println("DOB: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_date+"/"+studentdatabase[count].stud_mon+"/"+studentdatabase[count].stud_mon); System.out.println("Address: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_add); System.out.println("Mob no: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_mob_no); } } break; } case 3: { try{ if(index==0){ throw new Exception(); } } catch(Exception a){ System.out.println("Database is empty."); break; } int roll2; System.out.println("Enter student roll no:"); roll2=s.nextInt(); for(int count=1;count=index;count++){ if(studentdatabase[count].stud_roll==roll2){ System.out.println("Name of student:"+studentdatabase[count].stud_firstname+" "+studentdatabase[index].stud_lastname); System.out.println("Roll no:"+studentdatabase[count].stud_roll); System.out.println("Course enrolled:"+studentdatabase[count].stud_course); System.out.println("DOB: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_date+"/"+studentdatabase[count].stud_mon+"/"+studentdatabase[count].stud_mon); System.out.println("Address"+studentdatabase[count].stud_add); System.out.println("Mob no:"+studentdatabase[count].stud_mob_no); break; } } break; } case 4: index=0; break; case 5: { System.out.println("Enter the roll number to update the records"); int roll=s.nextInt(); for(int i=1;i=index;i++) { if(roll==studentdatabase[i].stud_roll) { System.out.println("Enter the roll number of the student(max 10 digits):"); studentdatabase[index].stud_roll=s.nextInt(); s.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter the last name of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_lastname=s.nextLine(); System.out.print("nEnter the course under which student is enrolled:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_course=s.nextLine(); System.out.println("Enter the month when student was born in digits:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_mon=s.nextInt(); while(studentdatabase[index].stud_mon12) { System.out.println("Wrong Data, Re-Enter:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_mon=s.nextInt(); } System.out.println("Enter the date when student was born in digits:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_date=s.nextInt(); while(studentdatabase[index].stud_date31||(studentdatabase[index].stud_date28studentdatabase[index].stud_mon==2)) { System.out.println("Wrong Data, Re-Enter:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_date=s.nextInt(); } System.out.println("Enter the year when student was born in digits:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_year=s.nextInt(); if(studentdatabase[index].stud_yearallowed_date) { System.out.println("Your ward is not admissable"); switching=false; break; } s.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter the first name of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_firstname=s.nextLine(); System.out.println("nEnter the mobile number of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_mob_no=s.nextLong(); s.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter the address of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_add=s.nextLine(); } } break; } case 6: { System.out.println(" Enter the roll of the student to be deleted:"); introlldel=s.nextInt(); for(int i=0;iindex;i++) { if(studentdatabase[i].stud_roll!=rolldel) { studentdatabasecopy[i]=studentdatabase[i]; } else { for(int j=i;j(index-1);j++) { studentdatabasecopy[j]=studentdatabase[j+1]; } for(int k=0;kindex;k++) { studentdatabase[i]=studentdatabasecopy[i]; }index--; break; } } break; } case 7: switching=false; break; } } } } Student package studentdatabasemanagement; public class Student { String stud_firstname; String stud_lastname; longstud_mob_no; int stud_roll; intstud_no; String stud_add; String stud_course; intstud_mon; intstud_date; intstud_year; } Task 3.2 In this program we are defining a special class that can hold the different data like DOB, first name, last name, address, etc. Now all these have different variables with respective data types. In the main program we are creating an array of 200 students (Shankar, 2013). Hence the net size of the database created is 200. But defining an array is not enough, in the switch case menu the case that is responsible for the entry of new students, for each student a new "student" class object is defined using the "new" keyword. All the objects created have a reference under the array of "student" classes. Hence each time we want to view a student, we are actually calling to see the data held by each of these objects. The students are tracked by a special variable called index. The value of this index variable gives us the number of objects in the database (Horstmann, 2012). Now this index is each time edited when we enter a new students details. At this point we increment index (Horstmann, 2013). Also each of the students has a number allotted to it called student_no. This is kind of a serial number that gets replaced during deletion. Task 3.3 Various control structures were used in the above program. These included looping systems like while, for loops and also other control statements like if, switch etc. The switch case, which was enclosed in an infinite while loop, was used to switch between the various tasks that were to be performed by the program. The infinite while loop ensured that the switch case statements were shown continuously. Also if the infinite while was not used then to view, enter or update the details of a student each time the program had to be restarted. This can be quite tedious, to say the least (Barnes, 2000). This infinite while loop was maintained by enclosing a Boolean variable (whose value was set to be true) within the condition of the loop. There was an exit condition among the cases that turned this Boolean value to false, hence when the loop tried to run the next time, it exited because while (false) is not allowed. In various cases, the if control statement was used, for checking various values, like if the date of birth was entered 31(by mistake), or the month was entered12 (by mistake). If they were not then (that means correct date and month were applied) then the control statement was avoided. Else the control was transferred to the statements written within the control loop (Keith and Schincariol, 2006). Task 3.4 Exception handling mechanisms are quite useful in java programs. There are many kinds of exceptions in java namely Arithmetic Exception, Array out of bounds exception, etc. They are used to detect the unwanted cases that may cause an error in the program, which in turn may result in crashing of the program. The exception handling capabilities of java are very unique. In case of other programming languages (like c), the program would have crashed if a fatal error like divide by 0 would have occurred. But in Java this does not occur. When java finds an exception in a program, then it stops the execution at that point and throws the exception to the exception handling mechanism. The exception handling mechanism copies the line number where it finds an exception and sends it to the user on the screen along with the cause of the error. Also in case of java we can define our own exceptions and hence not depend on the program to give its own values. Example the age of a man cannot be negati ve, hence in a program if someone entered a negative age then by setting up a proper exception, we can define a proper exception and hence the user gets an error when he/she is trying to enter the incorrect age.In this program, we have used exception handling capabilities of java to make our own exceptions. Here we have used the concept of exception handling at two places. These are checking if the array is full or if it is empty (Reiersl, Baker and Shiflett, 2007). This is quite important as we must make sure that the array is not full each time we try to enter a new student. This is important as if it was not checked, and then the compiler would throw us an exception for overstepping the array bounds. Task 3.5 In this programming an IDE was used. An IDE or Integrated Development Environment is a platform that is used extensively by programmers and software developers alike for development of particular software or even a program.Netbeans was the IDE that was used in the development of this project. The use of IDE has made programming very easy and comfortable. In normal case we could have coded the program in a notepad and then run the program on command prompt to see if there were any errors. But this can be difficult as the command prompt does not give us specific results to what the problem is. It merely gives us the error that was given by the exception handling part of Java runtime. Now for a beginner this can be quite difficult as he is not fully acquainted with all the programming terms. Also the command prompt window does not give any hint to what might have caused the error. But his use of an IDE eliminated all these difficulties. In an IDE, the lines that could an error are detec ted straightaway when they are written by the programmer. In case of using a command prompt, the programmer would have to wait until running the program to get the errors. Also the IDE reduce coding efforts by providing various suggestions according to which a thing can be coded. For example in Netbeans, if we write so and then press Ctrl+Spacebar on the keyboard. Then the written word transforms into System.out.println(). Also during writing variables for loops the available and valid ones were shown on pressing the hint button. Below a few screenshots of the program on Netbeans is shown.

Cultural Awareness

Aliasing a Method in Ruby Takes Simple Programming

Aliasing a Method in Ruby Takes Simple Programming To alias a method or variable name in Ruby is to create a second name for the method or variable. Aliasing can be used either to provide more expressive options to the programmer using the class or to help override methods and change the behavior of the class or object. Ruby provides this functionality with the alias and alias_method keywords. Create a Second Name The alias keyword takes two arguments: the old method name and the new method name. The method names should be passed as labels, as opposed to strings. Labels are used to refer to methods and variables without directly referencing them. If youre a new Ruby programmer, the concept of labels may seem odd, but whenever you see a label like :methodname, just read it as the thing called methodname. The following example declares a new class and creates an alias for the on method called start. #!/usr/bin/env rubyclass Microwavedef onputs The microwave is onendalias :start :onendm Microwave.newm.start # same as m.on Change the Behavior of a Class There may be times when you want to change the behavior of a class after its been declared. You can alias and add new methods to an existing class by creating second class declaration that has the same name as the existing class declaration. You can also add aliases and methods to individual objects using a syntax similar to the inherited class syntax. The behavior of any class can be changed by creating an alias for any method and then creating a new method (with the original method name) that calls the method with the alias. In the following example, a microwave class is declared and an instance is created. The second class declaration uses the alias method to change the behavior of the on method in order to add a warning message. The third class declaration is used to change the behavior of the specific microwave instance to add an even more stern warning. When aliasing a method multiple times, be sure to use different method names to store the old method. #!/usr/bin/env rubyclass Microwavedef on  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  puts Microwave is on  Ã‚  end endm Microwave.newm.onclass Microwave  Ã‚  alias :old_on1 :ondef on  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  puts Warning: Do not insert metal objects!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  old_on1  Ã‚  end endm.on# Message for this specific microwaveclass   Ã‚  def onputs This microwave is weak, add extra timeold_on2endendm.on # Displays extra messagem2 Microwave.newm2.on # Does not display extra message

According to the article and answer the question Assignment - 1

According to the article and answer the question - Assignment Example Furthermore, the assertion that Sifaka have different colors is true. This is because on closer examination of these animals, it is possible to denote that they portray patches of black, gray, white and a gold colored fur. Furthermore, the author accurately describes the physical appearance of the Sifaka. In the description, the Sifaka have a slightly bugged out eyes, long limbs, and special characteristics that enables them to groom themselves (Kappeler, 21). This includes possessing a toilet claw, found in their second toe. It is important to denote that these are the characteristics of the family of Indriidae, and specifically, the genus of Lemur. It is further important to denote that Lemur is vegetarian in nature, and this makes the Sifaka to be vegetarians. On this basis, the writer is correct through the article which asserts that the diet of the Sifaka involves flowers, fruits, leaves, and the bark of a tree. Kappeler (31) also supports the fact that Sifaka likes sunbathing. This is a luxury to them, and it normally occurs when they are not looking for food. On this note, the information given by the author concerning this behavior is correct. Furthermore, the description of the author regarding the gestation period of the female Sifaka is correct. All Lemurs normally have a gestation period of between four to five months. The only shortcoming in this article is the inability of the writer to give information concerning the growth and development of the young

Evolution Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Evolution - Term Paper Example This is unlike many treatments of evolution where readers are often confused as a result of being conflated with different definitions of the term. The decision to divide â€Å"Darwinism† into six components makes the understanding of various concepts easy (Coyne, 2009). It is indeed true that, over time, allele rate of recurrence change in an inhabitants. It is also true that different organisms have occupied the earth at different times. The critical role of natural selection is in this is also an undisputed fact. Common ancestry is received positively by a majority within the scientific field (Coyne, 2009). My reflection on common descent is that while it is a defensible position, it is not as much supported as it is made out. Consequently, the points of concern in this chapter, in my view, include the extent to which gradualism is true and the sufficiency of natural selection. The second chapter of the book is ‘written in the rocks.’ It uses fossil evidence to justify common descent. It is indeed true that fossil records show a tendency where simpler organisms precede more complex ones. This is also exactly what one would anticipate as a result of a common origin (Coyne, 2009). A feature that would be absent in Darwin’s theory, but would be the noticeable pattern of morphological difference preceding diversity (Coyne, 2009). In my view, an interesting aspect of the fossil record is that, unlike Darwin’s theory, it ranks the higher taxonomic categories first and, consequently makes them appear first in the taxonomic ranking. There are three main evolutionary transition trends specified by the fossil record i.e. fish to amphibians evolution, reptiles to birds and whales to terrestrial mammals evolution (Coyne, 2009). Accordingly, there are three important insights that emerge from the fossil record. Firstly is that the fossil spells out the evolution process (Coyne, 2009). The records within rocks provide a great deal of

Groups in High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Groups in High School - Essay Example The gentlemen ask questions but only when necessary. They ask questions solely to clarify their concept. Whether or not the class pays attention to their question does not matter to them. All they want is clear concept from the teacher. They don’t tend to become prominent through speaking in the class or acting in the ways that are expected of the capable children. They are quite likely to be seen in spectacles. Most of them lose their eye-sight as a consequence of their obsession with studies. The gentlemen assume a higher status amongst the class fellows. They are idealized by the regulars and envied by the back benchers. The Regulars The regulars are seated in between the gentlemen and the back benchers. They make a bulk of the class and are the main source of income for the schools. They are the question raisers. They raise questions not because they are quite as interested in the lecture, but because they want to make their presence felt. Quite often, the regulars establi sh a gentleman as a benchmark and commit to themselves that they would beat that particular gentleman in the upcoming exam. Sometimes, the regular works hard enough to achieve this goal and thus, be promoted from the status of a regular to a gentleman. The regulars are generally quite vocal about their ambitions and challenges. If one regular establishes a gentleman as a benchmark, his friends would most likely know it. The regulars are all-rounders. They are not bad at studies but also not very good either. They have a wide array of topics to discuss with their friends on everyday basis. They are the first to know which movie is expected to release when and how much business would it do. They know what is going on in the national and international political scenario. In other words, their attention is diverted to so many areas at the same time that they are not able to do as good in studies as they are capable of doing. In a vast majority of cases, the regulars are more brilliant t han the gentleman, but they cannot help paying attention to activities other than studies. If they focus entirely upon their studies, they can do much better than most gentlemen. Many regulars are in this community because of their laziness. If they overcome their laziness, they are quite capable of becoming the gentlemen. The Back Benchers The back benchers are just as many as the gentlemen in the class. They occupy the rear-most seats in the class and are least enthusiastic about studies. They come to class just for the attendance. They bunk the classes yet make sure that they attend the classes just enough to have their case forwarded to the board for enrollment in the exam. The back benchers come into the classroom with earphones plugged in. They listen to the songs on MP3 while the lecture is on. Some of them sleep with their heads down on the table. They are artists. Most of them sleep in a way that you cannot catch them from a distance. They hold the book high in the hands to hide the face behind that. Somebody from a distance can take a back bencher for a gentleman. They are mostly found in the cafeteria with a cup of tea in one hand and a cigarette in the other. Their most favorite topic of discussion is girls. One back bencher consults the other for ways to make friends with girls. They discuss how they spent the weekend and the plans for the upcoming weekend. The back benchers

The Python Programming Language Computer Science Essay

The Python Programming Language Computer Science Essay Wikipedia definition of Python programming language is as followed; Python is a general-purpose high level programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability. Python claims to combine remarkable power with very clear syntax, and its standard library is large and comprehensive. Its use of indentation for block delimiters is unusual among popular programming languages. Python supports multiple programming paradigms (primarily object oriented, imperative, and functional) and features a fully dynamic type system and automatic memory management. Python is often used as a scripting language.and Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly, it also integrate your systems more successfully. Python is a powerful programming language that is used in a wide variety of application domains. Python is often compared to Perl, Ruby or Java. Some of its key features are: Fans of Python use the phrase batteries included to describe the standard library, which covers everything from asynchronous processing to zip files. The language itself is a flexible powerhouse that can handle practically any problem domain. Build your own web server in three lines of code. Build flexible data-driven code using Pythons powerful and dynamic introspection capabilities and advanced language features such as meta-classes, duck typing and decorators. Python lets you write the code you need quickly. And, thanks to a highly optimized byte compiler and support libraries, Python code runs more than fast enough for most applications. Python also comes with complete documentation, both integrated into the language and as separated web pages. Online tutorials target both the seasoned programmer and the newcomer. All are designed to make you productive quickly. The availability of first-rate book completes the learning package.and[2]and The programme I have chosen to compare against Python is Cobra. In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting between the two programming software. On comparison, I have found Cobra has a more compile-time in regards to the error checking time. I believe Cobra saves time when it comes to reporting more than one error at one time. Cobra allows simple local variable assignment, which is very similar to Python; however with Cobra they give you a warning if they are never used. In Cobra these errors are caught at a compile-time and hardly take place during execution, like Python. Cobra believes getting them out of the way early, which will increase productivity time. Contracts have numerous benefits: They become part of the document interface to a method, showing what is expected to invoke the method and what can be relied on when the methods returns. They are technically enforced because they are executable. They catch run-time errors early when errors are still easy to diagnose. They are inherited by subclass methods so they do not need to be re-implemented (less coding). They may encourage developers to do more upfront thinking about how their classes will be used.and[3]and The problem is that Python defaults to a binary floating point type even though most numbers that people input are base 10. To help address this Python offers an additional Decimal type that computes the correct numbers, but it must be used explicitly end, some would say, awkwardly: So Cobra does the inverse, defaulting to an accurate decimal type and offering the floating point type as an option. A simple f suffix on a number such as 0.1f gives the 64-bit point value. The types are built in with the names decimal, float, float64 and float32. The type float is an alias for float64. Note that in both languages, float math operations are faster than decimal. However, most applications should prefer accuracy over speed that may not be noticeable or needed. For the other applications that really require more speed or compatibility with floating point based libraries, Cobra offers a command line option number:float64 which changes the types of literals like 1.0 and 0.5 to float64. Furthermore, Cobra provides a built-in number type which defaults to decimal but changes to float64 with this option. You can also specify -number: decimal although the letter is redundant.and[4]and Cobra complies down to machine code right out of the box. And Cobra favours static types for local variables by inferring them from their assignment. This promotes more compile-time error checking, especially when invoking library methods. But it also promotes speed. Python has solutions for improving speed for its developers: you can write some of your Python modules in C and wrap them in SWIG. You can use Pyrex. Or you can stay in Python and bring in C or C++ via Inline or Weave. But with Cobra the speed is built in from the beginning. You do not get kicked out to another language or get forced to assimilate another tool. Cobras performance is close or equal to that of C# and Java, and is therefore significantly faster than Python. Iron Python claims to be around 1.8X faster than Python, but this is still far slower than Cobra. Also, some users have found Iron Python can significantly slower than CPython and Jython.and[5]and Some applications including financial analysis, simulation, search, neural networks, games, and more require numerous CPU cycles which can cause Step2 to become a bottleneck during development. Cobra enables a tighter development cycle by offering high level coding and fast execution simultaneously. Because Cobra has no Global Interpreter Lock (GIL), it can run threads in parallel up to the number of cores available. Combined with its inherent speed, you can pack a lot of computation in one process on one computer.and[6]and In regards to the syntactic improvements, Cobra shares much in common with Python: Indentation denotes code blocks List literals Dictionary literals Print statement Assert statement For foo in bar Slicing And more But Cobra does not strive to be backwards compatible with Python. This opens the door to some improvements. Cobra allows embedding expressions in string literals-often called interpolated strings in other languages. This turns every string literal into a mini-templating language.and[7]and The Cobra compiler is implemented in Cobra. This means that the entire time the implementers are maintaining Cobra, they are using Cobra. This really tightens up the feedback loop on usability and bugs. This is in contrast to most other languages that are typically implemented in some other language. That practice greatly reduces the time that the language maintainers spend using their own language.and[8]and These disadvantages to using Cobra are: Documentation needs expansion. Cobra classes are not malleable at runtime like Python classes are. Like all budding languages, some people will pass over Cobra because it is new and, therefore, not yet popular. Fortunately, many people do not balk at newness as evidenced by the fact that many new languages of the past have gained popularity after their introduction, including Python and C#. The same will happen for Cobra, in time. Cobra is not yet available for JVM.and[9]and My overall thoughts of both Python and Cobra programming language, after researching for hours, I came to the conclusion that although Cobra is the better programming language it is not as established as Python, as of yet. Cobra offers a lot more for the user compared to Python. However saying that, I have only used the Python programming language software, so I can not give an answer as a user. Although from all the research I had come across, I still believe that Cobra would be a better programming language to use.

Born in Yorkshire in 1934, Alan Bennett. :: English Literature

Born in Yorkshire in 1934, Alan Bennett. Born in Yorkshire in 1934, Alan Bennett has been writing, performing and directing since his first theatrical encounters as a student at Oxford in the early 1960's. He first gained success at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and later, in collaboration with Dudley Moore, Peter Cooke and Jonathan Miller, enjoyed considerable acclaim with the original Beyond the Fringe. (www.museum.tv. Accessed 26/01/03) Alan Bennett is the archetypal Northerner, his bespeckled, dour appearance make him an unlikely celebrity and he would not look out of place as a slightly muddled professor or, as Bennett himself observes, a vicar. He says on the subject of appearances 'people often end up doing what the mirror tells them they are suited for, while feeling themselves quite different inside. And in the process whole lives are thrown away' (Observer.co.uk. Accessed 21/01/03) Bennett writes about ordinary people, involved in mundane activities, but with his unique style he can liven up the dullest tale and add interest to life's lonely outcasts. Although the stories in Talking Heads are fiction, it is easy to see that some are influenced from events in Bennett's early life. His mother suffered from depression and he uses his experience of mental illness as a core for some of his characters. As he says, the people he writes about are 'part of a story to the meaning of which they are not entirely privy' (Observer.co.uk. Accessed 21/01/03) A reflection of Bennett's own sexuality can be seen in the character of Graham in A Chip in the Sugar, who is portrayed as an uncomfortable homosexual. Bennett described his sexuality during an interview in the New Yorker in 1993 thus 'I'd always been in love with guys but always unhappily' (Observer.co.uk. Accessed 21/01/03) Although not included in the collections of Talking Heads, the concept actually started with 'A Woman of No Importance', which was first televised in 1982. It began the trend that Bennett carried on in both Talking Heads 1 and 2. Both of these compilations contain works with similar themes running through them, loneliness, unhappiness, alienation from a changed society, and vague mental illness. The ironic wit Bennett uses to convey the almost tragic stories are central to how the characters accept the way their lives have turned out (www.museum.tv. Accessed 21/01/03) The theme of loneliness and alienation from a changed society runs like a thread through all six of the first Talking Heads stories. Each of the characters portray a struggle to 'fit in' with everyday life, some are alone and lonely, and some in a relationship of some kind, yet still lonely. The gentle humour used in each of the tales makes

Local Football Study Essay

In Peterborough the first way in which people access football is through their school, either through the school lesson, school clubs or school club links. The aim of the school curriculum is to give people a chance to play certain sports, mainly at a low level of performance, if the student wished to improve performance this is the point they would make use of the school’s club links. Another role schools take in providing provision in football is providing competitive matches between other schools in the area and occasionally a bit further out. This role is taken on by the PSSP, which is the Peterborough school sports partnership. The PSSP arranges fixtures within the city, the PSSP has many coaches in which to help a performer’s development and to help people just starting the sport. Peterborough has a pretty comprehensive local football system ranging from Under 9’s to senior level. The main junior leagues in the area are the Peterborough Junior Alliance League and the Peterborough and District Youth League. Peterborough Junior Alliance League Leagues Cups Under 9’s – 3 Divisions Under 9 League Cup Under 10’s – 3 Divisions Under 10 League Cup Under 11’s – 3 Divisions Under 11 League Cup Under 12’s – 3 Divisions Under 12 League Cup Under 13’s – 3 Divisions Under 13 PFA Cup Under 14’s – 3 Divisions Under 14 League Cup Peterborough and District Youth League Leagues Cups Under 15’s 3 Divisions League Cup, Hunts cup Under 16’s 3 Divisions League Cup, Hunts cup Under 18’s 3 Divisions League Cup, Hunts cup I cannot be critical of these leagues because they provide good, structured competitive football for everyone and varied abilities. Every age group has 3 divisions because of this I would say you can play competitive football no matter what skill level you play at. Although there is one way I could criticise these league because the league finishes late in February which is a huge gap until the new start in September, if this was my league I would increase the length of the season to allow the players to compete more often without the massive gap. High quality football locally is limited. This is only the third year the Peterborough centre of excellence has been running after it was shut down 6 years ago due to lack of funding at the club. This gap caused many good standard players to look elsewhere for further development in football. In Peterborough are only small amounts of disability football. There is one disabled football club for senior and junior age groups in Peterborough the clubs is called ‘Netherton United’. The closest disabled league is ran in Cambridge. The junior league in the area is the â€Å"Cambridge Ability Counts League†, This league enables competitive opportunities for disability teams. The league allows all disabled players to take part in structured games against other teams across the county. The league consists of festivals throughout the season with scores being made into a league table. Histon Hornets, Wisbech St Marys, Castle, Cambs Deaf Utd, St Ives Rangers and Netherton Utd all take part in the fixtures. There is also a disabled league for senior players, which is the Eastern Region Ability Counts League. There is a lot of provision for womens football in Peterborough. There are quite a few teams all ranging in ability levels, with the top team being Peterborough ladies and the lower ends being teams such as Netherton United. There is quite a few leagues that the teams in the area play in, both for juniors and seniors. The problem is though that these leagues also incorporate teams from further afield meaning more travel is required, however this can also be advantageous as the quality of opponent will be greater. There are 4 junior leagues in the area in which city team’s play in. * Cambridgeshire girl’s league * Weetabix league for women * Fenland Girls Chocà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ League * The Primary and Secondary school league The Football foundation is the main source of funding for Local Football teams, here are some of their initiatives: * Capitol Project Scheme * Goal Post Safety Scheme * Junior Kit Scheme An example of funding locally would be Hampton FC. Hampton Football Club has a variety of sponsors. The club ranges from under 8’s to under 18’s, each age group at the club have different sponsors. Overall the club is sponsored by Serpentine Green, who have sponsored the club and brought the club kit since 2OO7. Facilities for the lower level of performance are relatively strong in Peterborough. There is lots of local Sunday league football clubs that have good facilities in the area, a brilliant example of this would be Netherton United’s facilities at the grange. There are also facilities that are council owned in the area, for example bushfield astro turf and Powerleague, which has numerous 5 a side leagues. Peterborough doesn’t have any great facilities. There is not a lot of high level coaching in the local area; however there is alot of coaching at community level. So for a player that has just had just taken up the sport there are many coaches but the problems come when a player is looking to improve as a performer. High quality coaching in Peterborough is very limited with Peterborough and Cambridge united having the only development centres in the city. Peterborough’s local FA are committed to promoting and developing referees and refereeing the County, Cambridgeshire FA and Huntingdon FA offer courses for new referees throughout the year. Bibliography:http://www.vivacity-peterborough.com/sport-and-leisure/sports-development/what-we-do/funding-for-sport/mars-in-the-community/ http://www.thefa.com/GetIntoFootball/FindAClub? http://www.footballleagueadmin.com/pdfl/ http://www.pjal.co.uk/ http://www.thefa.com/ http://www.huntsfa.com/splash.aspx http://www.ladiessoccer.co.uk/products.asp http://www.hampton-footballclub.co.uk/ http://www.peterboroughssp.co.uk/ http://www.cambridgeshirefa.com/Development/DisabilityFootball/CambridgeshireAbilityCountsLeague/ http://www.sheffieldfa.com/Development/Funding/JKS/ http://www.powerleague.co.uk/

Economics Essays - Unemployment, News Media, Mass Media, Economy

Economics Essays - Unemployment, News Media, Mass Media, Economy Economics Discussion Board 1The recession of 2007-2009 has impacted many industries, but few have been hit as hard as the newspaper industry. From a loss of subscribers to a loss in advertising revenue, print newspapers are experiencing economic change unlike any other time in history. Last year, Denver?s Rocky Mountain News stopped publishing in February, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer ceased printing their publication and converted to an online-only format in March (and in the process, laid off 145 of their 165 employees), McClatchy Co., owner of the Miami Herald, announced in March it was cutting 1,600 jobs and reduce wages throughout the company, and even the venerable New York Times made a deal to sell its share of its headquarters and lease it back, raising a much needed $225 million in the process. These are just a few of the many examples of hard times in this industry. Why do you think the newspaper industry has been hit so hard? What sources do you use to get news? Why? Do you subscribe to a local paper, and if so, do you receive a print copy or receive it electronically How have changes in the news industry affected unemployment? Discuss how changes in this industry have resulted in not only cyclical unemployment, but also frictional and structural unemployment. Statistically 168 million adults read a newspaper in print or online in the past 7 days and 112 million adults read a printed newspaper on Sunday mornings. But in today's society as young teens and kids get older, they do not have the habit or the desire to read the newspaper. In the recent years, the popularity of the world wide web has increased and any sort of information has been made computer friendly. 57% of consumers use newspaper websites for local online information and 75 million visitors have been to a newspaper website in the last month. Personally speaking, i would prefer to use and read the news online from my laptop. It is just simply quicker and easier to use. Most websites whether it be msn news, yahoo new, or google news can all be found just a click away. Not only are different newspapers only a click away but also they are free. A well experienced web user can find most information for free online. Because of this i do not and would not subscribe to a local paper. Newspaper websites are number 1 in 22 of the top 25 markets. As the online industry continues to rise, the news industry begins to fall and unemployment rate also increases due to the decrease in demand for workers for newspaper printing. Not only is it cyclical unemployment but also frictional unemployment because as the industry falls, newspaper workers will have a need to search for a new job which pays more in order to support him/herself. This is also structural unemployment because when searching for a new job, different skills are requir ed, and in the newspaper industry your skills are limited and so finding a new job may be quite impossible.

Issues in Criminal Law Essay Example

Issues in Criminal Law Essay Example Issues in Criminal Law Essay Issues in Criminal Law Essay Issues in Criminal Law Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Issues in Criminal Law 1. Solicitation, with reference to United States laws, implies the crime that involves an incipient offense that constitutes an individual offering finances or influencing another person to execute a crime with the explicit intent that the individual solicited commit the crime (Herring, 2007). An example of criminal solicitation is prostitution. Prostitution involves collecting money from clients as payment for providing sexual services. It is considered a solicitation on the part of the client who offers financial incentives in exchange for sexual services. Furthermore, under United States laws, prostitution is a criminal offence thus solicitation is evident where the client influences the prostitute to commit an established criminal offence. Another crime that is considered solicitation is contract killing. Murder is a criminal offense under state laws, thus hiring a person to commit such an offense is solicitation because the hired killer has been influenced to engage in a crimina l act, and thus both are guilty. However, the complexity of solicitation has necessitated the need to include corroboration requirements by some states. The requirements are designed to deal with the potential injustices arising from solicitation charges. The corroboration requirements direct that the respective state substantiate its indictment by presenting extrinsic evidence to uphold the solicitor’s intent to advocate for criminal activity. The limitations are used by several states whereby solicitation charges need the corroboration of two witnesses or a single witness plus substantiating circumstances. For instance, the state of Iowa requires that the corroboration be demonstrated by clear and persuasive evidence. The state of North Dakota requires that the solicitant commit an evident act in advancement of the stated crime in retort to the solicitation (Herring, 2007). 2. Some conspiracy statutes insist on the production of evidence ascribing to the overt act by one of the co-conspirators. However, such a stipulation goes beyond the conventional designation of solicitation since it makes its elements bear a resemblance to those associated with conspiracy and attempt. Furthermore, other states have approved similar punishment for solicitation as conspiracy and even ratified sanctions that are indistinguishable to those for the accomplished crime, providing exception only for severe offences. Despite changing what constitutes solicitation, there is justification for such a requirement in the solicitant act. This is because solicitation is satisfactorily detrimental to the public hence it requires punishment without consideration to its repercussions. However, not every legal case requires the evidence of an overt act by ay of the conspirators. For instance, the most common conspiracy act to be addresses by the United States Supreme Court as not requi ring an overt act is conspiracy for money laundering. The conspiracy to commit money laundering does not require evidence of an overt act in advancement of the conspiracy, since there is no commission for the inclusion of an overt act as part of the conspiracy felony (Herring, 2007). 3. The Fourth Amendment advocates for protection against irrational searches and apprehension, together with requirement of any warrant to be judicially authorized and supported by reasonable grounds by the law executors to carry out a private or property search. The amendment does not require police officers to use excessive force while in the process of searching or arresting suspected individuals. Additionally, the Fourth Amendment allows police officers to use force only when executing an arrest, which is reasonable considering the circumstances. Consequently, the force should not be excessive such that it harms or endangers the suspect in questions since it will be in violation of not only the Fourteenth Amendment but also the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments clause. Therefore, under the Fourth Amendment, it is necessary to distinguish between the standard of reasonableness and the due process approach. Reasonableness of the force is determined by the prev ailing situations depending on the level of violence. On the other hand, the due process approach stated in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment provides for independent fortification to confidential contracts and hence restricting various social and economic policies (Epstein Walker, 2007). Moreover, the approach prohibits federal and state governments form depriving any individual of their privileges without due process of law. The reasonableness approach compares to the due process approach since both put the rights of people over federal and state rights with interpretation to the law. 4. The defense of property involves a person using force to protect his or her own property against a different person who is threatening to contravene on the person’s right of possession in such property. The use of force to protect property is limited compared to the use of force to defend one ’s self or other individuals. However, it is important to assert that the force used in defense of property should be reasonable. The use of lethal force to simply defend property against another person’s interference with the same property is illegal however unlawful the infringement. In contrast, deadly force can be used if there is evidence of another use of the force. The use of force requires that the one using such force be the owner of the property or be in legal possession of it to warrant him or her, the ability to use force to protect it. However, use of deadly force is not allowed where the person does not possess the property in the event of protection. Still, a person who is not the owner can defend the property but use non-lethal force. The castle doctrine refers to the legal doctrine that provides citizens of America with the rights and privileges to utilize deadly force within the restrictions of their abodes for protection. In order to use deadly force, the occupant must prove that the intruder had the intent of committing harm and had the intent of executing felony. However, the occupant must have not provoked the intruder to commit dangerous acts. Make me day rules are part of the Castle Doctrine and they are for the protection of individuals from any criminal charge arising from the use of deadly force against intruders in the occupant’s home (Epstein Walker, 2007). References Epstein, L., Walker, Thomas G. (2007). Constitutional Law for a Changing America: Rights, Liberties, and Justice. Washington, D.C., United States: CQ Press. Herring, J. (2007). Criminal law. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan.

Environmental Pressures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental Pressures - Essay Example As such, it is the hope of this author that by enumerating upon and elaborating with regards to the extent and level of change that these pressures entail, the reader will come to a more informed understanding of how human resources departments within the system can work to ameliorate these pressures. In this way figure 1.0 below describes these six pressures within terms of whether they are organizational in nature or environmental. Additionally, in the left-hand column, these pressures have been ranked according to the overall risk for change that this author believes that exhibit. This ranking scales from one, relatively low risk to three, relatively high risk. Figure 1.0 Organizational Environmental    Management Changes Competitor Threat Changes 3 Personnel Changes Governmental Regulations Changes 2 Internal Reporting Changes Technological Changes 1 With regards to the most potential risk and pressure, the reader can and should integrate with the understanding that management changes portend a great level of change for any organization. This level of management change not only portends pressures with regards to how workflows accomplish, but can affect the bottom line of whatever firm or organization it integrates with. This is of course due to the fact that different metrics and milestones will be exhibited by different managers. In such a way, the employees and stakeholders which must incorporate these changes will necessarily experience a certain loss of efficiency and utility during the transitional period; reflecting negatively on the overall financial strength and solidity of the organization (Hsu et al, 2010). Further down the list, individual personnel changes can affect the way in which workflow is accomplished and can place organizational pressures upon individuals that are tangentially related to whatever personnel changes have been affected. Likewise, personnel changes also have a profound impact upon the way in which financial stability is re cognized within the entity. Due to the fact that a change in workflow is necessarily demanded by personnel changes, a level of utility not dissimilar to the loss of utility mentioned with regards to management changes is realized within the organization. Similarly, internal reporting changes can place a level of pressure on the organization with regards to a new level of standardization and skill sets that are required of individual employees as compared previously. As can be seen from the above figure, the level and extent to which this pressure threatens the organization is relatively low compared to the others which have already been mentioned. Likewise, with regards to the environmental changes, the threat from outside competition necessarily ranks highest. Due to the fact that this threat is one which ultimately cannot be anticipated, it is the responsibility of human resources assets within the firm in question to seek to ameliorate this threat by ensuring that the firm and it s employees are able to integrate with current market needs and maximize efficiency and utility at each and every juncture. In such a way, the financial threat that this particular pressure implies can be massive. Due to the fact that environmental change of this magnitude can undercut the ability of a given entity to generate profits, this is necessarily been ranked as the most dangerous and powerful of the three environmental pressures listed. Following the list

Election Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Election Analysis Paper - Essay Example While Republicans had focussed their attention on the ailing economy and the proposed universal healthcare insurance taxation program, Democrats seemingly waiting on the little flaws and capitalized on them (Mathes and Presse 1). Perhaps what sold Obama candidature was the fact that he maintained close connection with the average Americans and proposed policies that most appealed to the majority. The importance of the presidential election was that it was going to determine what policies were going to be in force. Those interviewed by various media houses such as CNN had observed that the most pertinent concern for most Americans was the ailing economy which both candidates made promises to resolve once in office. While the Romney team had underplayed the Obama’s second term presidency on grounds that the next four years would be a repeat of the same policies, Obama had focussed on wooing voters that governor Romney promised to solve the problems without revealing his intended working formula (Mathes and Presse 1). Other issues that had played in the presidential race were foreign policy issues and the perceived manipulation of currency by China. Whether these issues were of primary concern to the common citizen, more than the joblessness and the healthcare program, or not, remain debatable. Even so, it emerged that security issues played a significant role in boosting Romney’s bid. Matters such the bombing of the US embassy in Libya were some of the issues that played significant role in the presidential race. This was because the initial intelligence report had blamed the attack on sporadic attacks rather than on terrorism. Therefore, as America went to the ballot in a hot contest of Obama-Biden versus Romney-Ryan, political commentators had observed that the outcome was largely unpredictable although Obama still had marginal points ahead of Romney prior to the elections. The only thing that was certain was that the difference in the outcomes wo uld not be too big for whomever candidate wins. Working with volunteers, Democrats employed the formula of early voting where varied slogans motivating people were twitted and re-twitted. Although both sides invested heavily in advertising, political observers have attributed the success of the Obama presidency to the door-to-door campaigns (Cohen 1). As election results trickled in, the prediction that political analysts had made that the outcomes would be a picture of a hotly contested poll became apparent. Obama managed to emerge triumphant over Romney to become the second democrat after Bill Clinton to win a second term since Second World War. By managing to clinch a total of 65,258,278 popular votes and 332 electoral votes against Romney’s 60,658,920 popular votes and 206 electoral votes, one may observer that Republicans did not fair so badly in the presidential vote although they lost. Again, analysts have observed that the wives of both Obama and Romney also had some contribution to the outcomes with Michelle Obama being the most popular of the presidential aspirants (Horsey 1). Probably one could ask why the elections turned out as it did and what the contributing factors were. One may observe that voters’ decision was likely to have been influenced by a number of factors. Such were issues most pertinent to the electorate as well as those for which their preferred party stood. It is interesting to

Wireless Technologies Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wireless Technologies Proposal - Assignment Example As far as Wi-Fi is concerned, its standards have been established by the IEEE 802.11 (Dubendorf, 2003). This technology has gained much popularity so much so that others such as Bluetooth, IrDA and HomeRF have been deemed obsolete in most cases (Davis, 2004). Wi-Fi offers coverage of up to 50 meters and offers a speed of 7Mbps which is nearly 10 times that of Bluetooth (Dubendorf, 2003). In your company the presence of Wi-Fi would mean that there is no need to purchase equipment for connection of access points, thus saving capital costs. It has been proven that Wi-Fi offers businesses the advantages of enhanced efficiency due to speedier transfer of information between stakeholders, enhanced coverage due to on-the-move connectivity, flexibility in terms of working from home due to wireless links with the business’s database, as well as new product opportunities due to ‘hot spot’ networking (Davis, 2004). However, as is the case with most technologies, Wi-Fi is als o accompanied by its drawbacks. For instance, it is highly susceptible to security attacks by unauthorized users. There may also be issues with installation such as the interference caused by other users of radio signals within the same facility (Firestone, 2008). There may also be certain areas called ‘black spots’ where Wi-Fi offers no connectivity, hence, it is difficult to have consistent signals (Davis, 2004). Finally, your company may also have to bear in mind that Wi-Fi offers a speed lower than that of networks that are wired; hence, the ‘main’ system ought to be wired rather than wireless (Davis, 2004). As far as Bluetooth is concerned, it can be used by Party Plates to allow seamless connection of Bluetooth enabled devices including printers, scanners, cell phones, headsets, computers and keyboards within a range of 10 meters (Dubendorf, 2003). The most obvious advantage of this would be the freeing up of floor space as cables will be eliminated.

Perspective Essay Example for Free

Perspective Essay Everyone can view perspectives differently and sometimes it is hard to understand another person’s perspective. Many people do the things they do because they feel that their perspective is the right one. Personally I believe that sometimes people do not want to look at the others personal perspective because they know that they are wrong with their own. In other words, some people know what they are doing is wrong and do not want to do anything to fix it. In my perspective of being angry with my friend, I was angered that my friend who had been living with me for a week during the summer was not picking up after himself. I had to clean up all of his messes and had to make sure that our living area was not in complete disarray. It angered me because I had to clean up after him as well as myself. I feel that he should have contributed at least a little bit to our situation. We were both away from our homes and were both in the same situation and he just relied on me to be his personal â€Å"maid.† My response to this situation that I was dealing with was that I was very short tempered, and I did not want to communicate with my friend as much. He got the hint that something was wrong, but he did not have any idea about what was wrong. I tried to just blow off the situation and see if he was going to eventually start helping out, but nothing changed. Finally, I opened my mouth and told him that he needed to start helping around the place. He got super offensive and he stated, â€Å"I thought that room service was cleaning our room.† Some people expect things in life, and my friend was one of these people. My perspective changed after I looked at how this kid grew up. He had his parents and his grandma do everything for him. From doing the dishes to taking out the trash, this kid had never done a chore in his life. Sometimes you just have to look at the other person’s personal background and look at how they were raised. Of course it was not the right way to being raised, but I couldn’t control what he was used to. Problems occur in perspective taking all the time because not everyone is raised the same. Many people come from different backgrounds and different societies. We all view things differently and based on the way we were raised. Sometimes your own perspective may not be the agreeable one, and that is the hardest thing to change, especially if you grew up with it.

Camille Paglias Rape and the Modern Sex War Essay -- essays research

Camille Paglia's Rape and the Modern Sex War Camille Paglia writes the article, Rape and the Modern Sex War, which is about young women being vulnerable in today’s society against rape and how feminism has mistakenly led women to believe that they aren’t in any danger. Paglia states her opinion to women because she believes â€Å"that women are vulnerable and should be aware of the pervasiveness of rape† (83) all the time. Rape has been around for hundreds of years and the effects it has on women are life long terrifying memories. Paglia speaks to women saying that they should be ready for these situations and not be with a group of guys alone, always be with other girlfriends, and learn to take feminism out of the picture and realize that women will always be in danger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Paglia’s article, which I believe is a critical opinion informing women of her beliefs on sexuality, speaks mostly to college women and women in general because she believes that women should be prepared for sexual situations without consent in all circumstances no matter who they are. This is her first step in arguing her point of view on feminism, which I agree with. She wants her audience to see her point that a woman’s actions can also be held accountable in some rape situations. When a woman is by herself with a group of men getting drunk, she has put her own self in a very risky situation because she is drunk and has no control of herself and the likeliness of rape is very possible. Paglia believes that a woman should always have control of her actions all   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2 the time and not to blame men for it is biologically programmed in their heads that they hunt, pursue, and capture, and this is said throughout their sex history (83-84).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second part of Paglia’s argument is how she thinks misinterpretations are the women’s fault and I disagree with this point because women can walk and talk just as men and are not always to blame for being the victim. Paglia believes that feminism doesn’t see that sexual desires can be seen in how we act which means that these desires throughout our body cannot always be verbally said and this is where the miscommunication between the two sexes causes a problem. She thinks that when a woman makes a mistake she should face t... ... an attitude,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4 which is firm and not a self - pitying one, which many feminist women possess, Paglia states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paglia didn’t use any key terms or metaphors in her article, but she uses the word feminism many times showing that men and women have equal rights, but in truth this is not correct. Men and women have some equal rights, but women are looked on as a lower standard when compared to men, and I believe this will never change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paglia uses different examples throughout the story and puts her thoughts into an informative essay that explains that women should be aware of what they do and learn from their mistakes regarding opposite sexual tensions and that actions aren’t always spoken but are acted sometimes because of her belief that there is that implanted part of a man which can be dangerous, which Paglia thinks is just part of a man’s identity. When a woman realizes the subject of rape and feminism is not thought of, two identities can be identified and with self control and awareness both a man and a woman can have a relationship in which each partner takes full responsibility of his or her actions.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

David Malouf explores the emotional and physical struggle Essay

David Malouf explores the emotional and physical struggle a hero must face before attaining glory. Evaluate this statement. In your response discuss how two characters are represented as heroic through their quest. Heroism is a valued concept that has transcended through time and has been the subject of a great deal of literature. David Malouf’s appropriation of Homers epic The Iliad explores this notion of heroism through the characterization of King Priam, directly battling the contextual hero of the time, Achilles. Through descriptive language and stylistic conventions, Malouf showcases that it is the emotional and physical struggle that a man must face to ultimately attain glory, thus becoming a hero. This statement is epitomized through the contrasting protagonists Priam and Achilles, who are both sequentially transformed through their metaphysical journey. Malouf has deliberately structured his text in separate books, to take the readers on a journey, mapping their path to glory whilst teaching us the importance of the ordinary hero. Classically, a hero demonstrates qualities of endurance, bravery and physical prowess, epitomized by Achilles at the start of the novel. Malouf initially celebrates Achilles as a hero, being â€Å"blessed† by the Gods with supernatural abilities and a â€Å"brooding presence†, which intimidates the entire Trojan army. However, while Achilles’s training and apparent destiny is to attain glory and die â€Å"a hero’s death†, Malouf soon reveals his dissatisfaction and emotional struggle with his current disposition. In the context of Patroclus’s death and loss of family Achilles’s thumos overwhelms him, this grief accentuated through the repetition of â€Å"wept†. His killing of Hector sets his spirit â€Å"off on its own downward path† a metaphor portraying the similar downward path he experiences at this part of his journey. This search for salvation leads him to drag the body of Hector around the walls of Troy, juxtaposing his former honour, â€Å"He is their leader, but he breaks daily every rule they have been taught to live by†. Malouf manifests the struggle of Achilles and portrays his negative spiritual journey through the exploration of dark imagery, articulating upon his soul’s â€Å"corruption†, surrender to a â€Å"darker agency† and being caught in a metaphorical â€Å"clogging grey web†. Although Achilles can be considered a hero, these human traits highlight his flaws leading to a metaphysical struggle within himself, which gives Malouf scope to further develop his journey of self-discovery. This journey of struggle takes him from a grief stricken avenger to compassionate father/man/hero. Achilles is a lost hero at the end of book 1â€Å"waiting for the break†, waiting for â€Å"something† to â€Å"Break the spell† that is on him. Within Book 4 Malouf delivers Achilles’s salvation in the form of King Priam. It is here Priam implements a metaphysical journey upon Achilles, forcing him to look inward from the fatherly figures point of view, his regret captured through the metaphor â€Å"a great wave of sadness† passed by. Malouf depicts Achilles’s transformation through the imagery of â€Å"the ice cracks†, conveying the mutual understanding shared, as Achilles accepts Hector’s â€Å"honorable death† for the first time. Achilles learns a compassion for the enemy, clearing his â€Å"heart of the smoky poison† and continuing the water motif with â€Å"a cleansing emotion†¦flooded through† leaving behind his guilt and struggle. Malouf epitomizes the transformation through describing Achilles with a â€Å"lightness† which is in direct juxtaposition of the earlier dark imagery. It is clear that Achilles has been forever enlightened by Priam’s appeal, finding a â€Å"balance† between his conflicting dual nature. Malouf ends this quest as Achilles regains his warrior status and developed the absent qualities of integrity, compassion and honour â€Å"in the very breath of the gods, of the true Achilles, the one he has come all this way to find†. This quote further integrates the epic convention of the god’s intervention, undermining Iris’s initial â€Å"concept of chance† developing the theme of destiny. Through changing the perspective of the book from Achilles to Priam, Malouf is able to encapsulate the quest and transformation from king to man. Hector’s death acts as a catalyst, sparking the old king to leave his golden cage. In this claustrophobic setting, Priam instinctively feels denied true companionship with his fellow man. This is amplified through the shallowness of the relationship he and his son shared, which is felt all the more acutely in the context of Hector’s death. Priam, through an epiphany brought upon by the gods decides to break free, envisioning â€Å"himself †¦ dressed in a plain white robe without ornament† into Archilles camp to ransom the and bring home the body of his son. This vision has elements of the heroic, in risking his life, and undertaking what has â€Å"never been done before† in the annals of Troy. When convincing his family of the proposition to ransom Hector, Priam’s argument is reinforced through the repetition of â€Å"I believe†. It is Priam’s journey that transforms his life from the artificial â€Å"kingly sphere† to one attaining real feelings and emotion. Books 2 and 3 change the perspective from Achilles to Priam, where Malouf encapsulates Priam’s quest from king to man. Hector’s death acts as a catalyst, sparking Priam to transform from his passive and â€Å"symbolic† role of king to a man feeling â€Å"bold† and â€Å"defiant†. Tiring of his life of isolation, Priam’s epiphany of â€Å"himself †¦ dressed in a plain white robe without ornament† heading into Archilles camp to ransom the body of his son is heroic. It challenges all convention, contains high ideals and involves risk of life, a quest of glory. Priam must first struggle with his wife, then his children and councilors â€Å"you expect that jackal†¦ to be moved by this touching pantomine? † rhetorical questioning emphasizing yet again the constraints of his kingly realm. The introduction of Somax as the metaphor of the ordinary man allows Priam to reconnect with basic values such as â€Å"interest† and â€Å"curiosity†. This relationship is an essential part of Priam’s journey, as he gains an understanding of the â€Å"outside world† developing into a real man and father. Malouf uses simile and irony when comparing Priam to a â€Å"toddler† as he is the king yet Somax is the adult in the relationship. By making Priam the child, Malouf demon`strates how far Priam must travel in his journey of self-discovery. Within book 4 the climax of Priam’s journey takes place, as he confronts the murderer of his son. From the very moment he enters the Greek camp the gods clearly support Priam, as the portal gate was moved by some â€Å"invisible agency†. This epic convention is further developed by Malouf as Priam’s sudden ability to speak well becomes a strength â€Å"Would your father†¦not do the same for you? † appealing to Achilles’s humanity through rhetorical questioning. Here Priam’s physical and emotional strength shines through, as the final product of his heroic quest has been developed â€Å"I have come to you†¦man to man†¦for the body of my son† epitomizing his newfound endurance, bravery and compassion. Through the mutual bond of fatherhood the reader observes Priam’s transformation from a â€Å"child† to a man able to leave the great Achilles begging â€Å"No more! Please! † Malouf takes Priam on an emotional and physical struggle, who ultimately attains glory through reducing himself into the ordinary man â€Å"the I is different†¦I come as a man of sorrow†¦ but also as a hero of a deed that†¦ was never attempted. † that he himself can recognize through successfully ransoming the body of his son Hector. Priam exemplifies humility when meeting Achilles, using the strength from the gods to aid him on his noble pursuit. Now Priam must struggle with not just his emotions: he must remain strong against the physical fear of losing his life. He makes his appeal and â€Å"closes his eyes. Now he thinks, now they will strike†. Here Priam’s physical and emotional strength shines through. He is an old man, he has traveled far, he faces death at the hands of the ultimate warrior. He has braved these physical challenges while keeping a cool nerve and winning Achilles over with his simple manly dignity. Q1 Hero heroic journey Heroic qualities, how they are highlighted Literary techniques Language in an evocative manner Simple/Direct Shifts in point of view Clear images of characters Structure chronologically Malouf remains faithful to Homers Book 24 through allowing the gods to intervene in the affairs of human undermining the god Iris, showcasing that the concept of â€Å"chance† was Achilles could never have dreamt that the special something would come to him in the form of plainly dressed King Priam, Malouf is clearly faithful to Homers book 24, drawing upon similar epic conventions when delving into Priam’s quest of self-discovery, implementing the feeble old king to effectively challenge the depiction of heroes. Malouf is clearly faithful to Homers book 24, drawing upon similar epic conventions when delving into Priam’s quest for glory, effectively challenging the depiction of heroes. The idea of glory is explored in depth in the novel Ransom. It is clear from the novel that the concept of â€Å"attaining glory† is subjective. Glory could be a high level of reknown peers, or in the case of Priam and Achilles achieving honour that they themselves can recognize.